Transitions From Hunter-Gatherer To Pastoralist Society

As societies develop, many changes occur that help the progression of a better civilization. While some changes are subtle, others are incredibly dramatic and alter the course of human history. Few changes of this significance have occurred and one of these more notable changes appeared in the era of the Hunter-Gathers. The drastic changes from a Hunter-Gatherer society to an Agriculturalist or Pastoralist civilization are some of the most radical alterations in societal development on earth. First, the shift from a Hunter-Gatherer society to an agriculturalist civilization was tremendous. The innovation of various occupations, government, and gender roles all stemmed from the adaptation of agriculture. As food sources became more†¦show more content†¦At this point, much more structured religion began and the free flow of ideas also created much larger advances in art. The contrast in religion from their time to a Hunter-Gatherer society is tremendous as well. Hunter-Gathere r religion was animism, where certain objects and features had gods. As it evolved, later religion became monotheistic and centered on this one god. Mesopotamia for example had a polytheistic religion up until the 1st century C.E when Christianity began to develop. Another significant change was in the civilizations arts. Hunter-Gatherers were quite primitive and instead had cave paintings, whereas art in other civilizations was much more advanced. In Harappa, art was very developed; they had many stone carvings as well as necklaces consisting of rare stones. In addition to the digression into agriculture, Hunter-Gatherers also developed into Pastoralist societies. This development altered many aspects to a Hunter-Gatherer society. The creations of trade as well as warfare were expansions from Pastoralism. With Pastoralism, the society is dependent upon their domesticated animals and their stock. Therefore the need for good pasture and god locations for their stock is necessitated. The main areas where early Pastoralism occurred were in the Western area of Asia, known as the Steppe. The environment in this area was very harsh and had rugged terrain which provided very little for livestockShow MoreRelatedNanda and Warms, Bodley, Lee Study Guide1662 Words   |  7 Pages Ethnocentrism- Is the belief that one’s own culture is superior to any other. Cultural relativism- Anthropologists must believe that all cultures are of equal value and need to study them from a neutral point of view in order to understand how cultural practices developed, how they work in society, and how they are experienced by the people who live them Participant observation- Gaining a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals and their practices through intensiveRead MoreDevelopment of Human Societies2092 Words   |  9 PagesSociety, or human society, is a group of people related to each other through persistent relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or virtual territory, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Human societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituentRead MoreMarxs Historical Materialism2283 Words   |  10 Pagesbelieved that it was the material world or the mode of production which determines the consciousness of men the ‘social, political, and spiritual processes of life. According to him, the mode of production, which refers to th e productive forces of society as well as the relations of production; is not simply the reproduction of physical existence, but a definite mode of life. What individuals are, ‘coincides with their production, with what they produce and with how they produce it. The economic structure